b. In the birthing process, there are several reflexes occurring at appropriate
times. Natural childbirth (without anesthetics or similar devices) allows these reflexes to
occur normally. Since the uterine wall musculature (myometrium) is not capable of
expelling the fetus by itself, the mother must learn how to utilize the abdominal wall
musculature in coordination with the uterine wall musculature to effect a normal
childbirth.
c. The head of the newborn presents itself in the perineum. If the central tendon
of the perineum has not relaxed sufficiently, an episiotomy may be performed. This
procedure involves cutting the posterior margin of the vagina to prevent tearing. Proper
repair of the central tendon is essential to the proper recovering of the pelvis and
perineum.
d. After the birth of the newborn, the placenta and amniotic membranes
("afterbirth") are delivered. These are accompanied by a significant flow of blood.
MD0007
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