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Integrated Publishing
Army Medical
- Military Water Supply
- Development
- Table of Contents
- Introduction
- Study Suggestions
- Lesson Assignment
- Lesson 1: Introduction to Military Water Supply
- Contaminated Water.
- Responsibilities
- Water Requirements
- Table 1-1. Daily water consumption table requirements.
- Hydrologic Cycle
- Soil Formations
- Characteristics and Standards of Quality Water
- Chemical Quality.
- Table 1-2. Common impurities in water.
- Water Sources
- Selection of a Water Source.
- Section II. Water Treatment Processes
- Chemicals Used for Coagulation
- Aluminum Sulfate (Alum).
- Chemical Application
- Flocculation.
- Sedimentation.
- Solids Contact Process.
- Filtration
- Types of FiIters.
- Rapid sand fiIters.
- Figure 1-8. Loss-of-head measurement.
- Figure 1-9. Pressure fiIter.
- Figure 1-10. "Bridging" of diatomaceous earth particles across septum.
- Figure 1-11. Schematic diagram of diatomite filter.
- Figure 1-12. Filter element (disassembled).
- Figure 1-13. Flow of materials during the precoating process.
- Disinfection
- Section III. Water Treatment Facilities
- Field Water Treatment Units
- Figure 1-14. Water purification unit, van type body mounted, 1,500-gph.
- Engineer Water Purification Set No.4.
- Principles of operation.
- Figure 1-18. Reverse osmosis, spiral wound membrane system.
- Figure 1-19 Water purification unit, reverse osmosis, 600 gph trailer mounted.
- Section IV. Water Distribution Systems
- Field Water Distribution Systems
- Figure 1-20. Typical combat water point.
- Pipelines and Pumps.
- Inspection of Water Points and Facilities
- Figure 1-23. DD Form 686, Flouride/Bacteriological Examination.
- Figure 1-24. DA Form 1715-R (Water Point Inspection Report).
- Exercises, Lesson 1
- Exercises, Lesson 1-cont.
- Exercises, Lesson 1-cont.
- Exercises, Lesson 1-cont.
- Exercises, Lesson 1-cont.
- Exercises, Lesson 1-cont.
- Exercises, Lesson 1-cont.
- Solutions to Exercises, Lesson 1
- Solutions to Exercises, Lesson 1-cont.
- Lesson Assignmnt
- Lesson 2: Disinfection of Water
- Chlorine Dosage.
- Chlorine Methods
- Figure 2-1. Breakpoint chlorination.
- Variables Affecting Efficacy of Chlorine
- Army Chlorination Policy
- Section II. Individual and Small Unit Water Disinfection
- Use of the Chlorination Kit.
- New Chlorination Kit
- Use of and Method for the Kit.
- Determining Chlorine Residual with the Color Comparator
- Procedure for Determining Free Available Chlorine.
- Figure 2-4. Modified OTA method, color comparator determination of free available chlorine-cont.
- Figure 2-4. Modified OTA method, color comparator determination of free available chlorine-cont.
- Figure 2-4. Modified OTA method, color comparator determination of free available chlorine-cont.
- Procedure for Determining Total Available Chlorine.
- Determining pH with the Color Comparator
- Unit Chlorination
- Chlorination in Other Bulk Containers.
- Batch Chlorination.
- Individual Water Treatment
- Field Expedient Methods.
- Exercises, Lesson 2
- Exercises, Lesson 2-cont.
- Exercises, Lesson 2-cont.
- Exercises, Lesson 2-cont.
- Solutions to Exercises, Lesson 2
- Solutions to Exercises, Lesson 2-cont.
- Solutions to Exercises, Lesson 2-cont.
- Lesson Assignment
- Lesson 3: Bacteriological Tests and Standards
- Coliform Bacteria as Indicators.
- Collection of Samples for Bacteriological Analysis
- Procedure for Collecting and Forwarding Water Samples.
- Figure 3-1. DD Form 686, Fluoride/Bacteriological Examination of Water.
- Sampling Swimming Pools and Natural Waters.
- Most Probable Number.
- Preparation procedures.
- Interpretation procedures.
- Bacteriological Analysis by the Membrane-Filter Technique
- Preparation of Equipment
- Sterilization of Equipment.
- Membrane filters and absorbent pads.
- Preparation of Materials
- Determining Filtration Volume
- Filtration and Incubation
- Figure 3-3. Saturate absorbent pad with culture medium.
- Figure 3-6. Apply suction to filter holder.
- Figure 3-7. Rinse down funnel walls.
- Counting Colonies
- Other Bacteriological Tests
- Figure 3-11. DD Form 686 (Completed).
- Section II. Bacteriogical Standards
- Standards for Fixed Installations
- New Coliform Rule (For Garrison and Field Testing).
- Standards for Garrison Water Supplies
- Standards doe Swimming Pools and Natural Bathing Areas
- Table 3-2. Classification of tidal (salt) waters.
- Exercises, Lesson 3
- Exercises, Lesson 3-cont.
- Exercises, Lesson 3-cont.
- Exercises, Lesson 3-cont.
- Solutions to Exercises, Lesson 3
- Lesson Assignment
- Lesson 4: Physical and Chemical Tests and Standards
- Table 4-1. Maximum contaminant levels of inorganic chemicals
- Table 4-2. Recommended fluoride concentration in drinking water.
- Secondary Standards.
- Table 4-3. Recommended secondary MCL in drinking water.
- Other Chemical Substances.
- Field Supplies
- Table 4-4. Maximum possible concentrations of impurities in treated water.
- Pesticides and Chemical Warfare Agents
- Field Water Supply Standards
- Collection of Samples
- Figure 4-1. DD Form 710, Physical and Chemical Analysis of Water.
- Water Quality Analysis or Control Sets.
- Figure 4-3. Water quality analysis set-preventive medicine.
- Figure 4-4. Water quality analysis set-engineer.
- Nonstandard Equipment.
- Figure 4-5A. Water testing kit, chemical agent AN-M272.
- Figure 4-5B. Water testing kit, chemical agent AN-M272.
- Figure 4-5C. Water testing kit, chemical agent AN-M272.
- Figure 4-6. Water chemistry kit.
- Exercises, Lesson 4
- Exercises, Lesson 4-cont.
- Exercises, Lesson 4-cont.
- Exercises, Lesson 4-cont.
- Exercises, Lesson 4-cont.
- Solutions to Exercises, Lesson 4
- Lesson Assignment
- Lesson 5: Field Water Treatment
- Figure 5-2. Flow of water through horizontal pipe.
- Table 5-1. Discharge of water from full-flowing horizontal pipes.
- Figure 5-3. Critical dimensions for 90 v-notch weirs.
- Table 5-2. Discharge of water over 90 o v-notch weir.
- Figure 5-4. Determining cross-sectional areas.
- Installation of Water Purification Equipment
- Figure 5-5. Typical field WPU installation.
- Production of Potable Water Using the Erdlator
- Water Treatment Process.
- Chemical Feeding
- Pulverized Limestone.
- Coagulation
- Figure 5-10. Cross-section of the erdlator assembly.
- Filtration
- Figure 5-11. Diatomite filter and related parts.
- Electrical Controls
- Determining Chemical Dosages
- Figure 5-13. Calcium hypochlorite solution calibration chart.
- Chlorine Demand Test.
- Coagulation Dosage Test.
- Evaluation of Erdlator Operation
- Operating Controls
- Installation of Reverse Osmosis Water Purification Equipment
- Site Selection.
- Figure 5-16. Typical field ROWPU installation.
- Figure 5-17A. ROWPU processing block diagram.
- Figure 5-18. Rear view of ROWPU (generator removed).
- Figure 5-19. ROWPU equipment components
- Figure 5-19. ROWPU equipment components-cont.
- Figure 5-19. ROWPU equipment components-cont.
- Figure 5-19. ROWPU equipment components-cont.
- Function of ROWPU Main Components.
- Brine collection.
- Miscellaneous.
- Test equipment.
- Figure 5-20. DA form 1712-R (Water Reconnaissance Report).
- Figure 5-21. DA Form 1713-R (Daily Water Production Log---Erdlator.
- Figure 5-22. DA Form 1713-1-R
- Figure 5-23. DA Form 1714-R (Daily Water Distribution Log).
- Figure 5-24. DA Form 1716-R (Water Point Daily Production Summary)
- Figure 5-24. DA Form 1716-R (Water Point Daily Production Summary).
- Figure 5-24. DA Form 1716-R (Water Point Daily Production Summary).
- Exercises, Lesson 5
- Exercises, Lesson 5-cont.
- Exercises, Lesson 5-cont.
- Exercises, Lesson 5-cont.
- Exercises, Lesson 5-cont.
- Solutions to Exercises, Lesson 5
- Solutions to Exercises, Lesson 5-cont.
- Solutions to Exercises, Lesson 5-cont.
- Lesson Assignment
- Lesson 6: Protection of Water Supplies
- Figure 6-1. Improvised floats for intake screens.
- Figure 6-2. Intake secured to post.
- Figure 6-3. Surface intake in gravel-filled pit.
- Figure 6-4. Gravel-filled gallery intake.
- Figure 6-5. Typical dug well.
- Figure 6-6. Bored well driven well point.
- Figure 6-7. Drilled well.
- Sanitary Protection of Wells.
- Springs
- Section II. Cross Connections in Water Distribution Systems
- Siphon Principle
- Direct Cross Connections
- Water and Sewer Lines in Close Proximity.
- Submerged Inlets.
- The Air Gap
- Nonpressure Type Vacuum Breaker.
- Reduced Pressure Backflow Preventer
- Section III. General Treatment in the Event of Contamination
- Remedial Action According to Sanitary Condition
- Emergency Procedures
- Surface Water Supplies
- Ground Water Supplies.
- Distribution System.
- Section IV. Treatment for Nuclear, Biological, or Chemical Contamination
- Nuclear, Biological, or Chemical Agents
- Figure 6-16. Radiac set, AN/PDR-27.
- Decontamination
- Figure 6-17. Methods used for normal water treatment and treatment for removal of NBC contaminants
- Removal of Chemical Agents.
- Figure 6-18. Aeration of water
- Superchlorination and dechlorination.
- Exercises, Lesson 6
- Exercises, Lesson 6-cont.
- Exercises, Lesson 6-cont.
- Exercises, Lesson 6-cont.
- Exercises, Lesson 6-cont.
- Solutions to Exercises, Lesson 6
- Solutions to Exercises, Lesson 6-cont.
Military Water Supply
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