Section III. APPLICATION TECHNIQUES
2-11. GENERAL
a. Pest control is not new. It is an occupation that has been with us since
humans first became bothered by insects. Pest control equipment may be very simple,
or it may be so complex that only specially trained personnel may operate it effectively.
Every year, many new pieces of control equipment are put on the market. Some of
them are effective, while others are ineffective. There are three basic types of pest
control equipment: hand-operated equipment, power-operated equipment, and aerial
control equipment.
b. There are different types of pest control equipment designed to perform
various types of jobs in the control of arthropods. These pieces of equipment are
selected based on type of pest, type of area/surface, size of area, availability of
equipment/materials, and type of formulation available. There are basically two types of
pesticide treatments -- residual and space. These types of treatments can be made
through various dispersal methods such as spraying, misting, aerosoling, fumigation,
dusting, granules, etc.
2-12. TYPES OF PESTICIDE TREATMENT
a. Residual. This involves the application of a pesticide to surfaces where it is
expected to stay so that the pest either comes in contact with it or ingests it. This
treatment offers many advantages -- the pest does not have to be present at the time of
application; the pesticide remains for long periods of effective control; and it cuts down
on repeated treatment (saving time and money). The major disadvantage of this
treatment method is its hazard to nontarget organisms. Residual treatment is
subdivided into the three following categories,
(1) Crack and crevice. Sprays, dusts, or baits are placed directly into cracks
and crevices in which insects hide or through which that enter buildings. A fine pin
stream nozzle or nozzle equipped with an extension tube is used to make spray
applications.
(2) Spot. The pesticide is applied to small areas where pests rest or feed
and is limited to noncontiguous (not touching) spots of two square feet or less. A flat
fan nozzle is used for this type of treatment.
(3) General or broadcast. This involves spreading a pesticide over a large
area where the pest lives. This can be accomplished by ground dispersal equipment
such as a boom or hydraulic sprayer or by aerial spraying.
b. Space. In this type of treatment, the pesticide is applied to the air space
through which the pest travels so the pest cannot escape. The advantages of this type
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