a. Signs and Symptoms. A sprain does not cause a deformed appearance
since the bones are not out of their normal positions. A sprain causes pain
(tenderness), swelling, and discoloration (bruise) at the injured joint. The casualty may
be unable to move the joint due to pain.
CAUTION:
Do not ask the casualty to move the body part in order to test for inability
to move the joint.
b. Treatment. Treat the sprain as though it were a closed fracture.
(1)
Immobilize the joint.
(2)
Reduce swelling by elevating the joint and applying cold, if available.
NOTE:
Apply cold during the first 24 hours following the injury. After this time, apply
warmth to the injured area.
1-14. STRAINS
A strain is a stretching or tearing of the muscle tissues around a joint. It is
usually caused by excessive effort such as overstretching or overexertion. It is
commonly called a "muscle pull."
a. Signs and Symptoms. A strain does not result in a deformed appearance.
Swelling may or may not be present. Muscle spasms may be present. A strain can
cause pain when the joint is moved.
b. Treatment. Have the casualty avoid putting weight on the injured joint. If you
are unsure whether the injury is a strain or sprain, treat it as a sprain.
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