(3)
Phlebitis--inflammation of a vein.
(4)
Perforation of the posterior wall of a vein--a back wall of a vein is
pierced.
(5)
Venous thrombosis--a blood clot in a vein.
(6)
Nerve transections--cutting across a nerve.
(7)
Arterial transection--cutting across an artery.
NOTE:
Fewer complications occur when aseptic technique is used and care is taken
when the cannula is placed.
3-4.
NEEDLE DECOMPRESSION (THORACENTESIS)
Needle decompression is the removal of fluid from the chest cavity by puncture.
a. Indications for Needle Decompression. Included are the following:
(1) The patient has life-threatening tension pneumothorax, and his condition
is deteriorating rapidly. (Tension pneumothorax occurs when air enters but cannot
leave the pleural space. The pressure may cause the complete collapse of a lung.)
(2) There is a need for emergency evacuation of air from the pleural cavity,
and the instruments for regular chest tube insertion are not available.
(3) The patient is experiencing massive pneumothorax with or without
mediastinal shift.
b. Procedure for Needle Decompression. Follow this procedure:
(1) Confirm the diagnostic need for the needle decompression procedure.
Usually, needle decompression is necessary because the patient is in respiratory
distress.
(2)
Determine the location and the extent of air or liquid in the chest cavity.
(3) Give the patient supplemental oxygen. This is normal procedure for a
patient in respiratory distress.
(4)
Don a mask and gown, if time allows.
MD0574
3-12