f. Surfaces of the Hands and Feet.
(1)
Palmar surface. Anterior surface (palm) of the hand.
Volar surface. Anterior surface of the hand and forearm (or the sole of
(2)
the foot).
(3)
Plantar surface. Inferior surface (sole) of the foot.
(4)
Dorsal surface. Top or superior surface (dorsum) of the foot.
g. Terminology Relating to the Positions of the Body (figure 1-5).
(1) Supine. A horizontal position of the body lying flat on the back with no
rotation of the trunk.
(2) Prone. A horizontal position of the body lying face and stomach down
with no rotation of the trunk.
(3) Lateral recumbent. A horizontal position of the body lying on either side
with no rotation of the trunk.
(4) Oblique. A position of the body, or any of its parts, when placed at an
inclined angle to the X-ray film.
(5)
Erect or vertical. A position of the body either sitting or standing.
h. External and Internal. These terms are used to describe locations with
respect to the surface.
i. Body Types. Four terms are generally used to designate the four major
types of body habitus (figure 1-6). Since the position of certain organs (for example, the
gallbladder) can vary as much as 6 to 8 inches between body types, it is essential that
the X-ray specialist be familiar with these major body types.
(1) Hypersthenic. The hypersthenic body (figure1-6A) is of massive build
with a broad and deep thorax. The diaphragm is high and the stomach and gallbladder
also occupy high positions. An extreme body type, the hypersthenic classification
accounts for only about five percent of all people.
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