Lesson 1.Body Mechanics, Patient Handling, and Positioning. - Standards Positioning Techniques IBody Alignment - Standards Positioning Techniques IBase of support - Standards Positioning Techniques IFigure 1-3. Spreading your feet broadens the base of, support, providing greater stability - Standards Positioning Techniques IFigure 1-5. The line of gravity and center of gravity do not cross the base of support - Standards Positioning Techniques IFigure 1-7. Carry the load close to your body. Keep feet apart, with one foot slightly in front of the other. - Standards Positioning Techniques IThe center of gravity - Standards Positioning Techniques IFigure 1-9. Factors promoting stability: a broad base of support - Standards Positioning Techniques IFigure 1-10. Poor body mechanics. - Standards Positioning Techniques IFigure 1-11. Good body mechanics. - Standards Positioning Techniques IExercises - Standards Positioning Techniques I - MD09610017Exercises (cont) - Standards Positioning Techniques I - MD09610018Exercises (cont) - Standards Positioning Techniques I - MD09610019Exercises (cont) - Standards Positioning Techniques I - MD09610020Solutions - Standards Positioning Techniques I - MD09610021Section II. Moving and Transporting the Patient - Standards Positioning Techniques IAn On-The-Job Injury - Standards Positioning Techniques IFigure 1-13. Positioning the wheelchair. - Standards Positioning Techniques IFigure 1-15. Onto the step stool. - Standards Positioning Techniques IFigure 1-17. Position patient on table. - Standards Positioning Techniques IPatient Unable to Assist - Standards Positioning Techniques IFigure 1-21. Hands across the back. - Standards Positioning Techniques IFigure 1-23. Place patient on table. - Standards Positioning Techniques ITransporting from Stretcher to X-Ray Table - Standards Positioning Techniques IFigure 1-26. The move. - Standards Positioning Techniques IFigure 1-27. Technologists with knees flexed and back straight to avoid back injury. - Standards Positioning Techniques IFigure 1-28. Draw sheet is a single sheet that is folded in half and placed under the patient - Standards Positioning Techniques IFigure 1-29. Equipment preparation. - Standards Positioning Techniques IFigure 1-31. Completing the move. - Standards Positioning Techniques IFigure 1-33. Moving in unison. - Standards Positioning Techniques IFigure 1-34. Using a slide-board. - Standards Positioning Techniques IFigure 1-35. Carriers in order of height, with the tallest at the patient head. - Standards Positioning Techniques IFigure 1-37. Equipment preparation and arm placement. - Standards Positioning Techniques IFigure 1-39. Lifting the patient. - Standards Positioning Techniques IFigure 1-41. Lowering patient. - Standards Positioning Techniques IFigure 1-42. Placement option 1. Stretcher at right angles to X-ray table. - Standards Positioning Techniques IFigure 1-44. Placement option 3. Stretcher parallel to X-ray table. - Standards Positioning Techniques IFigure 1-46. With a tandem placement, carriers step sideways in the final moves of the three-person carry. - Standards Positioning Techniques IUsing good body mechanics throughout the three-person carry - Standards Positioning Techniques IFigure 1-49. The left lateral position. - Standards Positioning Techniques IFigure 1-50. The prone position. - Standards Positioning Techniques IFigure 1-51. Danger! Indentations in the cast can impair circulation. - Standards Positioning Techniques IChecking Circulation of Patients with Casts. - Standards Positioning Techniques IExercises - Standards Positioning Techniques I - MD09610050Exercises (cont) - Standards Positioning Techniques I - MD09610051Exercises (cont) - Standards Positioning Techniques I - MD09610052Exercises (cont) - Standards Positioning Techniques I - MD09610053Exercises (cont) - Standards Positioning Techniques I - MD09610054Exercises (cont) - Standards Positioning Techniques I - MD09610055Exercises (cont) - Standards Positioning Techniques I - MD09610056Solutions - Standards Positioning Techniques I - MD09610057Solutions (cont) - Standards Positioning Techniques ILesson Assignment - Standards Positioning Techniques I - MD09610059Lesson 2. The Order of Procedure. - Standards Positioning Techniques IFigure 2-1. A simple thing like staying on the working (unencumbered) side of the table - Standards Positioning Techniques IFigure 2-2. Another view of the working side of the X-ray table. - Standards Positioning Techniques IFigure 2-3. By forgetting to have the patient remove her jewelry, the RT is responsible for needless repeat exams - Standards Positioning Techniques IGowning and Draping - Standards Positioning Techniques ISetting the Technique Factors - Standards Positioning Techniques IFigure 2-4. X-rays are produced when electrons from a cathode filament accelerate toward an anode target - Standards Positioning Techniques IFigure 2-5. The higher the kVp, the deeper the penetration of the X-ray into the film - Standards Positioning Techniques IFigure 2-6. The radiologic technologist is inserting the X-ray cassette into the Bucky tray - Standards Positioning Techniques IOrder of Procedure, Step 2 - Standards Positioning Techniques IExercises - Standards Positioning Techniques I - MD09610070Exercises (cont) - Standards Positioning Techniques I - MD09610071Exercises (cont) - Standards Positioning Techniques I - MD09610072Solutions - Standards Positioning Techniques I - MD09610073Section II. Order of Procedure (Step 3 through 5) - Standards Positioning Techniques IDirection of film - Standards Positioning Techniques IFigure 2-9. The posteroanterior (PA) position is a frequently requested view. - Standards Positioning Techniques ICentral Ray (CR) Angle. - Standards Positioning Techniques IFigure 2-11. The source to image receptor distance (SID) is the distance between the tube focal spot and the film. - Standards Positioning Techniques IFigure 2-13. The tape measure, located on the side of the collimator - Standards Positioning Techniques IFigure 2-15. For Bucky procedures, the SID should be 40 inches to the Bucky tray - Standards Positioning Techniques IFigure 2-17. The patient is positioned with the conefield set. - Standards Positioning Techniques IFigure 2-18. For an AP shoulder with internal rotation, the acromion process must be correctly placed or you will lose important anatomy. - Standards Positioning Techniques IAP Shoulder with Internal Rotation - Standards Positioning Techniques IShielding - Standards Positioning Techniques IOrder of Procedure , Step Five: Taking the Exposure - Standards Positioning Techniques IExercises - Standards Positioning Techniques I - MD09610086Exercises (Cont) - Standards Positioning Techniques I - MD09610087Exercises (Cont) - Standards Positioning Techniques I - MD09610088Lesson Assignment - Standards Positioning Techniques I - MD09610089Lesson 3. Positioning Terminology. - Standards Positioning Techniques IRadiographic examination - Standards Positioning Techniques IFigure 3-1. The anatomic position, the point of reference for labeling all radiographs. - Standards Positioning Techniques IFigure 3-3. The right lung is on the right side as you face the film, - Standards Positioning Techniques IBody part terminology - Standards Positioning Techniques IFigure 3-7. The posterior plane of the body. - Standards Positioning Techniques ICaudad, Caudal, or Inferior - Standards Positioning Techniques ICranial, Cephalic, or Superior - Standards Positioning Techniques IFigure 3-13. The foot is distal to the hip, that is, far from the midline or trunk. - Standards Positioning Techniques IFigure 3-15. The humerus is proximal, whereas the hand is distal. - Standards Positioning Techniques IFigure 3-17. Proximal and distal segments of the arm and leg. - Standards Positioning Techniques IFigure 3-18. A lateral projection of the hand. - Standards Positioning Techniques IFigure 3-20. In the anatomic position, the medial aspect of the ankle joint is the inside part - Standards Positioning Techniques IRight angle radiographic viewing - Standards Positioning Techniques IExercises - Standards Positioning Techniques I - MD09610104Exercises (cont) - Standards Positioning Techniques I - MD09610105Exercises (cont) - Standards Positioning Techniques I - MD09610106Exercises (cont) - Standards Positioning Techniques I - MD09610107Exercises (cont) - Standards Positioning Techniques I - MD09610108Exercises (cont) - Standards Positioning Techniques I - MD09610109Solutions - Standards Positioning Techniques I - MD09610110Section II. Positioning and Projection Terminology - Standards Positioning Techniques IFigure 3-24. Anteroposterior chest projection with central ray entering anterior surface - Standards Positioning Techniques IFigure 3-26. So positioned, a PA protection of the wrist will be produced - Standards Positioning Techniques IFigure 3-28. Posteroanterior projection of the cranium using the Caldwell method - Standards Positioning Techniques IFigure 3-29. Posteroanterior anal projection of the rectum using the Chassard-Lapine method. - Standards Positioning Techniques IFigure 3-30. A true lateral is rotated 90 degree or 1/4 turn from a PA or AP projection. - Standards Positioning Techniques IRecumbent Positions - Standards Positioning Techniques IFigure 3-33. The ventral decubitus position produces a left lateral projection. - Standards Positioning Techniques IExercises - Standards Positioning Techniques I - MD09610119Exercises (Cont) - Standards Positioning Techniques I - MD09610120Exercises (Cont) - Standards Positioning Techniques I - MD09610121Exercises (Cont) - Standards Positioning Techniques I - MD09610122Exercises (Cont) - Standards Positioning Techniques I - MD09610123Exercises (Cont) - Standards Positioning Techniques I - MD09610124Solutions - Standards Positioning Techniques I - MD09610125Section III. Projection, Central Ray, and Breathing Technique Terminology - Standards Positioning Techniques ILateral Projections - Standards Positioning Techniques IOblique Projections. - Standards Positioning Techniques IDecubitus Projections - Standards Positioning Techniques IDorsal decubitus position - Standards Positioning Techniques IStraight Central Ray - Standards Positioning Techniques IFigure 3-51. Angled CR, caudal. - Standards Positioning Techniques IExercises - Standards Positioning Techniques I - MD09610133Exercises (cont) - Standards Positioning Techniques I - MD09610134Exercises (cont) - Standards Positioning Techniques I - MD09610135Exercises (cont) - Standards Positioning Techniques I - MD09610136Exercises (cont) - Standards Positioning Techniques I - MD09610137Exercises (cont) - Standards Positioning Techniques I - MD09610138Exercises (cont) - Standards Positioning Techniques I - MD09610139Solutions - Standards Positioning Techniques I - MD09610140Lesson Assignment - Standards Positioning Techniques I - MD09610141Lesson 4. Film Identification and Captioning. - Standards Positioning Techniques ISF 519-B, The Radiological Consultation Request/Report form - Standards Positioning Techniques IFigure 4-1. SF 519-B. Radiologic Consultation Request/Report. - Standards Positioning Techniques IFigure 4-2. The journey of the X-ray slip through the radiology department. - Standards Positioning Techniques IFigure 4-3. X-ray request slip, as it appears when the patient first brings it to the X-ray Dept. - Standards Positioning Techniques IThe Patient's Identification Block - Standards Positioning Techniques IFigure 4-4. The patient identification block of the X-ray request slip. - Standards Positioning Techniques IFigure 4-6. For SFC Deborah H. Berry, whose terminal digits are 0000 - Standards Positioning Techniques IFamily Member Prefix + SSN. - Standards Positioning Techniques IExam requested and specific reasons (brief clinical history) - Standards Positioning Techniques IAge, sex, ward, and pregnancy blocks - Standards Positioning Techniques IRquestor's name, signature, telephone/pager number and date blocks - Standards Positioning Techniques ILocation of the medical records block - Standards Positioning Techniques IFigure 4-13. Required entries that must be verified. - Standards Positioning Techniques IFigure 4-14. Radiolographer's report entries. - Standards Positioning Techniques IThe Procedure Worksheet - Composite Health Care System - Standards Positioning Techniques IFigure - Standards Positioning Techniques IFigure 4-17. Patient demographics segment. - Standards Positioning Techniques IProcedure Segment - Standards Positioning Techniques IExercises - Standards Positioning Techniques I - MD09610161Exercises (Cont) - Standards Positioning Techniques I - MD09610162Exercises (Cont) - Standards Positioning Techniques I - MD09610163Exercises (Cont) - Standards Positioning Techniques I - MD09610164Solutions - Standards Positioning Techniques I - MD09610165Section II. Film Identification - Standards Positioning Techniques IFigure 4-20. In tomography, the level of the fulcrum (for example, 8 cm) would be required film identification - Standards Positioning Techniques IA film identification system - Standards Positioning Techniques ILead Marker - Standards Positioning Techniques IFigure 4-27. An IVP with lead-time interval (15 min), patient I.D., and LM (R). - Standards Positioning Techniques IAnteroposterio/posteroanterior Trunk and Skull - Standards Positioning Techniques IOblique Trunk Positions - Standards Positioning Techniques IOblique Trunk and Skull Positions - Standards Positioning Techniques IFigure 4-35. In which corner of the insert (box) would an "L" LM go? - Standards Positioning Techniques IMeasuring the Conefield - Standards Positioning Techniques ILateral Trunk or Skull - Standards Positioning Techniques IExercises - Standards Positioning Techniques I - MD09610177Exercises (cont) - Standards Positioning Techniques I - MD09610178Exercises (cont) - Standards Positioning Techniques I - MD09610179Exercises (cont) - Standards Positioning Techniques I - MD09610180Exercises (cont) - Standards Positioning Techniques I - MD09610181Solutions - Standards Positioning Techniques I - MD09610182Lesson Assignment - Standards Positioning Techniques I - MD09610183Lesson 5. Positioning for Exams of the Upper Extremities. - Standards Positioning Techniques IFigure 5-1. For each projection the anatomical structure (upper left), patient positioning - Standards Positioning Techniques IFigure 5-2. The standardized order of procedure information explained. - Standards Positioning Techniques IFigure 5-3. Artifacts/clothing to be removed (or donned). - Standards Positioning Techniques IMeasuring the part - Standards Positioning Techniques IPosteroanterio Hand - Standards Positioning Techniques IThe Order of Procedure - Standards Positioning Techniques I - MD09610190Oblique Hand - Standards Positioning Techniques IThe Order of Procedure - Standards Positioning Techniques I - MD09610192Lateral Hand - Standards Positioning Techniques IThe Order of Procedure - Standards Positioning Techniques I - MD09610194Section II. The Wrist and Forearm - Standards Positioning Techniques IThe Order of Procedure - Standards Positioning Techniques I - MD09610196Oblique Wrist - Standards Positioning Techniques IThe Order of Procedure - Standards Positioning Techniques I - MD09610198Lateral Wrist - Standards Positioning Techniques IThe Order of Procedure - Standards Positioning Techniques I - MD09610200Posteranterior Wrist with Ulnar Flexion - Standards Positioning Techniques IThe Order of Procedure - Standards Positioning Techniques I - MD09610202AP Forearm - Standards Positioning Techniques IThe Order of Procedure - Standards Positioning Techniques I - MD09610204Lateral Forearm - Standards Positioning Techniques IThe Order of Procedure - Standards Positioning Techniques I - MD09610206Section III. The Elbow - Standards Positioning Techniques IThe Order of Procedure - Standards Positioning Techniques I - MD09610208Lateral Elbow - Standards Positioning Techniques IThe Order of Procedure - Standards Positioning Techniques I - MD09610210Section IV. The Humerus - Standards Positioning Techniques IThe Order of Procedure - Standards Positioning Techniques I - MD09610212Full Lenght Lateral Humerus - Standards Positioning Techniques IThe Order of Procedure - Standards Positioning Techniques I - MD09610214Section V. The Shoulder - Standards Positioning Techniques IThe Order of Procedure - Standards Positioning Techniques I - MD09610216Anteroposterio Shoulder with Internal Rotation - Standards Positioning Techniques IThe Order of Procedure - Standards Positioning Techniques I - MD09610218Inferiorsuperior Axial Projection of Shoulder - Standards Positioning Techniques IThe Order of Procedure - Standards Positioning Techniques I - MD09610220Section VI. The Scapula - Standards Positioning Techniques IThe Order of Procedure - Standards Positioning Techniques I - MD09610222Lateral Scapula - Standards Positioning Techniques IThe Order of Procedure - Standards Positioning Techniques I - MD09610224Section VII: The Clavicle and Acromioclavicular Joints - Standards Positioning Techniques IThe Order of Procedure - Standards Positioning Techniques I - MD09610226Acromioclavicular Joints - Standards Positioning Techniques IThe Order of Procedure - Standards Positioning Techniques I - MD09610228Exercises - Standards Positioning Techniques I - MD09610229Exercises (cont) - Standards Positioning Techniques I - MD09610230Exercises (cont) - Standards Positioning Techniques I - MD09610231Exercises (cont) - Standards Positioning Techniques I - MD09610232Exercises (cont) - Standards Positioning Techniques I - MD09610233Exercises (cont) - Standards Positioning Techniques I - MD09610234Exercises (cont) - Standards Positioning Techniques I - MD09610235Solutions - Standards Positioning Techniques I - MD09610236Appendix Glossary of Terms - Standards Positioning Techniques IAppendix Glossary of Terms (cont) - Standards Positioning Techniques I - MD09610238Appendix Glossary of Terms (cont) - Standards Positioning Techniques I - MD09610239Appendix Glossary of Terms (cont) - Standards Positioning Techniques I - MD09610240Appendix Glossary of Terms (cont) - Standards Positioning Techniques I - MD09610241Appendix Glossary of Terms (cont) - Standards Positioning Techniques I - MD09610242Standards Positioning Techniques I