(c) Central nervous system (CNS). Isoproterenol produces some
central nervous system stimulation.
(2) Indications for the use of isoproterenol. Isoproterenol is indicated in a
variety of conditions. These include:
(a)
Brochodilator in respiratory disorders.
(b) Cardiac stimulant in instances of heart block and cardiogenic shock
following myocardial infarction or septicemia.
(3) Side effects associated with isoproterenol. Side effects associated with
the use of isoproterenol include palpitation, tachycardia, headache, and flushing of the
skin.
(4) Cautions and warnings associated with isoproterenol. Isoproterenol is
contraindicated in-patients who have pre-existing cardiac arrhythmias associated with
tachycardia.
d. Dopamine (Intropin). Dopamine is a chemical compound in the body which
is the immediate precursor (a substance from which another substance is formed) of
norepinephrine.
(1) Pharmacological actions. Dopamine exerts both alpha and beta effects.
When administered intravenously in doses of 1 to 10 micrograms per kilogram of body
weight per minute, the drug acts primarily on beta and dopaminergic receptors. In
higher doses, alpha-receptors are stimulated and the net effect of the drug is the result
of alpha, beta, and dopaminergic stimulation. Dopaminergic receptors cause dilatation
in renal and mesenteric vascular beds. Beta1 effects result in an increase in cardiac
output. Dopaminergic effects cause vasodilatation in mesenteric and renal beds.
(2) Indications for the use of dopamine. Dopamine is indicated in the
treatment of shock syndrome, including cardiogenic shock, trauma, or hypovolemic
shock.
(3)
Cautions and warnings associated with the use of dopamine.
(a) Dopamine should not be used in the presence of uncorrected
tachyarrhythmias or ventricular fibrillation.
(b) This drug should not be administered in the presence of
hypovolemia (that is, to administer fluids).
(c) This drug should not be added to any alkaline dilution solution since
the drug is inactivated in alkaline solutions.
MD0805
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