12.
The "blocks" of the human body can be arranged in many patterns called
postures. The input systems by which the brain monitors these patterns are
13.
The maculae are particularly sensitive to small changes in the orientation of the
head from an upright position. Thus, the maculae help us maintain a standing or
upright position.
14.
The cristae detect rotation of the head, that is, angular acceleration and angular
15.
Additional inputs for the general body sense include the proprioceptive sense,
which monitors the muscles of the body, and various other receptors associated
with structures such as the joint capsules and the integument. A very important
16.
Postural reflexes are coordinated in the cerebellum. Orienting the upper torso in
relationship to the head are the head and neck tonic reflexes. Important when
the body falls out of balance are the righting reflexes. (para 13-20)
17.
The sensory receptors for the special sense of smell are special hair cells in the
olfactory epithelium. They detect molecules in the air. (para 13-21)
18.
The specialized structures for the special sense of taste are the taste buds. The
receptors in these organs are special hair cells. They detect molecules
dispersed or dissolved in the saliva.
End of Lesson 13
MD0007
13-24