TREMATODE
DEFINITIVE
SITE OF
INTERMEDIATE
AREAS OF
(DISEASE)
HOST
INFESTATION
HOST
PREVALENCE
Fasciolopsis
Man
Snail-
The Orient,
busci
Intestine
Pig
metacercariae
especially China
(fasciolopsiasis)
Man
Snail-
Fasciola hepatica Sheep
metacercariae
Liver
Worldwide
(fascioliasis)
Cattle
encrust on
Goats
vegetation
The Orient
Africa
Paragonimus
Peru
westermani
Man
Lungs
Snail-crab
Ecuador
(paragonimiasis)
Philippines
Indonesia
Clonorchis
Man
China
Liver
sinensis
Cats
Snail-fish
Japan
(bile duct)
(clonorchiasis)
Dogs
Korea
Man
Heterophyes
Cats
Intestine
Snail-fish
The Orient
heterophyes
Dogs
(heterophyiasis)
Birds
Table 2-1. Common food-borne trematodes (flukes)
2-11. SCHISTOSOMIASIS (BILHARZIASIS)
a. Identification. Schistosomiasis is a parasitic disease caused by a blood
fluke or schistosome infestation. This disease is not primarily a water-borne disease;
however, it may be acquired by drinking water that is contaminated by the cercariae of
schistosomes.
b. Military Importance. Three etiologic agents are of military importance:
Schistosoma mansoni, S. haematobium, and S. japonicum.
The military reoccupation of the Phillippine island of Leyte in late 1944
was the setting for paractically all the schistosomiasis acquired by United States troops
during World War II.
Approximately 1,500 cases of Schistosoma japonicum are known to have
resulted from military or other operations on Leyte.
As far as is known at the present, no cases of Schistosoma mansonia
resulted from military or other operations during World War II.
MD0152
2-22