c. Identify Signs and Symptoms of Anaphylactic Shock. The medical
specialist should identify the following signs and symptoms of anaphylactic shock in the
casualty.
(1)
Difficulty in respiration, wheezing, coughing, and a sense of suffocation
or anxiety.
(2)
Weak, rapid, or imperceptible pulse.
(3)
Decreased blood pressure.
(4) Cyanosis (blueness) around the lips. In persons with dark skin, the
inside of the lips will appear gray. Cyanosis indicates a lack of oxygen.
(5) Flushing, burning, or itching sensation of the skin. Hives or red patches
may be present. The redness of the skin is caused by a congestion of capillaries.
Itching will often be present on the palms of the hands, between the fingers, or in the
ear canals.
(6)
Dizziness. Dizziness is caused by a lack of oxygen due to difficulty in
breathing.
(7) Vomiting, convulsions, and abdominal cramps. These signs are caused
by the response of the victim's muscular and neurological systems.
d. Treat Anaphylactic Shock. The medical specialist will immediately treat
anaphylactic shock as follows:
(1)
Maintain the airway as necessary.
(2)
Assist in ventilation if proper equipment is available.
(3)
Administer oxygen if available.
(4) Monitor blood pressure every five to 15 minutes. Leave the blood
pressure cuff on the patient. Continue to monitor the blood pressure until it is up and
stable and the patient is free of respiratory distress.
(5) Start an IV, preferably using Ringer's lactate or 0.9% NaCl (normal
saline) solution.
(6)
Perform CPR if necessary for cardiac or respiratory arrest.
MD0553
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