8.
Passive immunity is a type of acquired immunity because antibodies are involved.
It differs from active immunity by the fact that the antibodies are produced in
another individual or animal and injected into the patient to provide immediate
protection. The duration of passive immunization is relatively short, a few days to
several weeks compared to years for active immunity. There is no internal
replacement of antibodies. (para 1-2b(2))
9.
Naturally acquired passive immunity is significant mainly in the survival of the
newborn. The fetus or infant passively acquires antibodies from its mother
through the placental barrier and later through breast feeding. (para 1-2b(2)(a))
10.
Antibodies that have been produced in another individual or animal and then
administered to the patient provide artificially acquired passive immunity.
Currently, passive immunization is mainly accomplished by injecting the patient
with gamma globulin which has been extracted from the blood of immune persons.
These antibodies provide protection for a relatively (short) time. (para 1-2b(2)(b))
11.
Immune response is defined as a reaction due to an antigenic stimulus
characterized by the formation of humoral antibodies or the development of
cellular immunity or both. (para 1-3)
12.
Specific immune responses are concerned with the recognition and ultimate
disposal of foreign substances and encompass a series of cellular interactions
expressed by the elaboration of specific cell products. Three general
characteristics that distinguish specific immune responses are specificity,
heterogeneity, and memory. (para 1-4)
13.
The property of the specific immune response that distinguishes one antigen from
another is called specificity. The products of the immune response will react solely
with the antigenic configuration identical or very similar to that which initiated the
response. (para 1-4a)
14.
Heterogeneity is characterized by the induction and interaction of a variety of new
cell types specific for the inducing antigen. It contributes a fine degree of
homeostatic control with which the host can respond in a highly variable and
specific manner to foreign structures. (para 1-4b)
15.
Memory is the property that results in proliferation and differentiation of sensitized
cells upon subsequent exposure to an immunogen. (para 1-4c)
16.
3
(para 1-5)
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