View
Patient-part position
Projection
Anterior-Posterior.
Right and left lateral
Horizontal.
decubitus; film-plane
vertical.
Anterior-Posterior.
Prone decubitus, head
Vertical
extending beyond end of
CR projected from below.
table (or litter) and held in
place beneath horizontal
film by a suitable supportive
device.
Posterior-Anterior.
Right and left lateral
Horizontal.
decubitus; film-plane
vertical.
Posterior-Anterior.
Supine decubitus, head
Vertical
extending beyond end of
CR projected from below.
table (or litter) and held in
place beneath horizontal
film by a suitable supportive
device.
Occipital-Frontal.
Upright (sitting position),
Horizontal CR directed
facing Vertical film, head
midsagittally approximately
inclined forward, neck and
1 above level of external
body flexed coronal plane
auditory meati.
of head approximately 45
to 50 from the vertical
relationship (Waggoner-
Clark position).
Table 3-2. Additional projections of ventricles (concluded).
(4) Stereoradiography. Stereoscopic exposures are frequently made.
These are exposed in pairs and usually include both laterals and one or both sagittal
projections. It is extremely important that the specialist know in advance the exact
positions in which the stereo pairs are to be made. Normally, the tube is shifted
longitudinally for the sagittal projections and transversely for the lateral projections.
(5) Grid technique. When possible, grid technique should be used for all
ventriculographic exposures. If a special head unit is not available, it may be necessary
to use grid-front cassettes or a wafer-type grid for the right angle projections.
Customarily, two right-angle projections are made for each head position used. Ideally,
each pair should be made without changing the position of the patient's head since even
a slight deviation in position may change the distribution of the cerebrospinal fluid and
the contrast medium within the ventricular system, resulting in dissimilarity of object-
representation between the sagittal and lateral projections.
MD0959
3-45