Location of bacteria. Staphylococci are frequently found in
secretions of the normal nose and throat, and often in great numbers, consequently, of
a sinus infection.
Infections caused by these bacteria. Staphylococci are usually the
cause of skin infections such as boils and infected hangnails.
Foods that may contain this bacteria. Foods that may cause
staphylococcal food poisoning are chiefly:
-- Meats (particularly cured ham)
-- Pastries containing custard or cream fillings
-- Puddings
Treatment. There is no known specific treatment.
(2) Botulism. Botulism is a highly fatal, afebrile (without fever) disease
caused by the toxin produced by Clostridium botulinum.
Attack on body. The toxin attacks the central nervous system, and
rarely do acute gastrointestinal disturbances occur.
Incubation period/symptoms. The incubation period is usually 18 to
36 hours. Early symptoms include fatigue, headache, dizziness, and double vision.
Prognosis. These early symptoms are followed by progressive
muscular weakness; in addition, an ascending paralysis until the brain is readied.
Death may occur in 3 to 7 days.
Reservoir. Soil and the intestinal tracts of animals are reservoirs for
the bacillus.
Source of poisoning The immediate source of poisoning results from
uncooked or poorly cooked food of low acid content being kept in an anaerobic (no
oxygen) environment, such as in cans.
-- Most cases in the U.S. are caused by home-canned vegetables;
therefore, the disease is very rare in the military services.
-- In Europe, especially, most cases can be traced to sausages or
other smoked or preserved meats.
Treatment. Specific therapy includes the use of botulinus antitoxins
as well as respiratory support.
MD0152
2-7