b. Signs and symptoms of the late (or delayed) stage include:
(1)
Wheezing.
(2)
Serious attacks of coughing which produces a white, yellow, or bloody,
frothy fluid.
(3)
Anxiety.
(4) Chest wall retractions (may not be observable if the casualty is wearing
protective overgarment).
(5)
Cyanosis (difficult to observe after the casualty is masked).
(6)
Weak, rapid pulse.
(7)
Pulmonary edema.
3-4.
TREAT A CHOKING (LUNG-DAMAGING) AGENT CASUALTY
If the casualty has suffered a lethal exposure, death usually occurs within 24 to
48 hours after exposure. Exposure to very high concentrations can result in death
within 5 hours of exposure. After 48 to 72 hours, the pulmonary edema is gradually
absorbed and the prognosis becomes better.
a. Mask the Casualty. If the casualty is able, have him to put on and clear his
mask. Mask the casualty if the casualty cannot mask himself. Do not secure the hood
at this time.
b. Keep Casualty Warm and at Rest (Symptomatic). Keep a casualty with
signs and symptoms of choking agent poisoning (either early or late) comfortably warm
and have him rest quietly. If the casualty is conscious and is able to sit up, keep him in
a sitting position. If the casualty is unable to sit up, have him lie on his back. Do not
administer sedatives unless adequate oxygenation is assured and facilities for
respiratory assistance are available.
NOTE:
A soldier who was briefly exposed to a choking agent but who does not have
signs and symptoms of choking agent poisoning may continue his combat
duties. If early signs and symptoms develop, treat with warmth and rest; then
evacuate the casualty.
c. Restrict Activities (Asymptomatic). A soldier in the asymptomatic phase
(had signs and symptoms of early choking agent poisoning but now has no signs or
symptoms of choking agent poisoning) can be assigned light duties that do not stress
his respiratory system until he can be evacuated. Check the casualty periodically for
the appearance of signs or symptoms of late choking agent poisoning.
MD0534
3-4