(c) Apply a cold pack to site if infiltration has occurred within the last 30
minutes. A cold pack will help reduce the pain and swelling.
(d) Apply warm, wet compresses to promote absorption if infiltration
has occurred more than 30 minutes earlier. A warm, wet compress stimulates
circulation, promoting the absorption of the infiltrated solutions into surrounding tissues.
(e)
Document your observations and actions for future reference.
(4)
Preventive measures against infiltration.
(a) Apply a splint for stability and to prevent dislodging the IV catheter.
(b) Tape the catheter securely.
b. Phlebitis. Phlebitis is an inflammation of the wall of the vein.
(1) Associated problems. Problems associated with phlebitis include
thrombophlebitis and thrombosis.
(a) Thrombophlebitis is an inflammation of the vein accompanied by
the formation of a clot.
(b) Thrombosis is a formation of a clot in a blood vessel without
accompanying inflammation.
(2)
Causes. Phlebitis can be caused by the following:
(a) Injury to the vein during venipuncture or from later movement.
(b) Irritation to vein caused by:
1 Long-term therapy.
2 Infusion of irritating or incompatible additive.
3 Using a vein that is too small to handle the amount or type of IV
solution being used.
4 Sluggish flow rate that allows a clot to form at end of the
catheter.
5 Infection.
MD0553
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