(2)
Assemble the needed supplies-2 x 2 gauze, self-adhesive bandage,
antiseptic.
(3)
Turn off the solution flow.
(4)
Remove all tape at the venipuncture site.
(5)
Open and place a 2 x 2 gauze at the infusion site.
(6)
Hold the site steady while gently removing the catheter. Do not apply
pressure.
(7) Hold or instruct the patient to hold the gauze at the infusion site for 2 to 3
minutes to avoid hematoma. If infiltration is present, elevate extremity on a support.
(8)
Apply a self-adhesive bandage.
(9) Record the amount left in the bag, the amount of fluid received by the
patient, and the time the infusion was discontinued. Record any problems.
3-26. SPECIAL CONSIDERATIONS FOR TRANSFUSIONS
a. Introduction. Most of the requirements for the intravenous infusion also
apply to the blood or blood component transfusion. There are some additional points
that should be noted.
b. Equipment. The needles used are no smaller than 18 gauge (and frequently
a larger gauge). A special administration set with filter(s) is required for most blood
products.
c. Typing. Unless time and/or access to laboratory services are restricted, all
patients should be typed, and the blood used should be cross-matched on all necessary
factors. If the transfusion is needed immediately, type O Rh-negative packed red blood
cells may be used. In this case, the patient must be checked constantly for hemolytic
reaction during the transfusion.
d. Storage. Whole blood, with a preservative added, has a maximum allowable
storage time (shelf life) of 35 days. In comparison, many of the parenteral solutions can
be stored indefinitely (or at least for several years). During this storage, time the blood
must be kept at 1C to 6C. This temperature is beyond the capabilities of most field
refrigeration units. When a blood unit is delivered for use, it should not stand
unnecessarily at room temperature. Delayed transfusion will add to the possibility of
bacterial growth. If the blood unit must be kept at a field location and adequate
refrigeration is not available, it should be stored in a Styrofoam container with a cloth
divider covered with a bag of ice.
MD0564
3-25