11.
When a hydrogen atom in a hydrocarbon is replaced with a hydroxyl group
(OH-), the resulting compound is an __________. The general form of an alcohol
is represented by the symbol __________. CH3OH is an _________.
H3C
CH-CH2-OH is a (primary) (secondary) alcohol.
H3C
H3C
CH2-OH is a (primary) (secondary) alcohol.
H3C
12. If we compare an alcohol with an alkane of similar molecular weight, we find that
the boiling point and melting point of the alcohol are (lower) (higher). The
solubility of the alcohol is (lower) (higher). These properties are due to the fact
that alcohols can form ___________ bonds, both with w_________ molecules
and with other _______________ molecules.
13. If an organic compound has a hydrogen atom bonded to an oxygen or nitrogen
atom, then that compound can form ___________ bonds between its own
molecules.
14. If an organic compound includes a nitrogen or oxygen atom, then the compound
can form hydrogen bonds with __________. This makes the compound more
__________ in water if its molecular weight is (low) (high). By low molecular
weight, we mean that the number of carbons is generally less than ________.
Since all of the classes of organic compounds in Table 3-3 (alcohols, phenols,
ethers, amines, carboxylic acids, aldehydes, ketones, ester, and amides) have at
least one oxygen or nitrogen atom, lower molecular-weight in these classes tend
to be _____________ in water.
3-22
MD0803