(3)
Beans, legumes (peas, lentils), rice or soybeans (tofu) with milk, nuts, or
eggs.
d. Vegans should eat at least two of the following at the same meal in order to
provide all essential amino acids:
(1)
Grains or nuts and seeds.
(2)
Dried beans or tofu.
(3)
Wheat germ.
e. Whole-wheat grains and cereals are preferred in vegetarian diets. Other
foods must be added to the protein sources to supply vitamins and minerals.
Vegetarian diets are often deficient in calcium, iron, zinc, vitamin D, iodine, and
riboflavin. Vitamin B12 is probably missing entirely. Supplements of these substances
often need to be taken.
5-5.
FACTORS WHICH ALTER A HOSPITALIZED PATIENT'S EATING PATTERNS
The meals served in a hospital cannot accommodate all social and cultural
variations in food habits. However, meals can be individualized to assure that patients
are provided with foods that are acceptable to them, but still within the restrictions of
their diet. A meal, no matter how carefully planned, serves its purpose only if it is eaten.
Many factors alter a patient's eating patterns during hospitalization.
a. The forced menu of available foods.
b. Isolation from family and significant others.
c. Restriction in activity.
d. A forced eating schedule.
5-6.
FACTORS IN ILLNESS WHICH MAY ALTER FOOD INTAKE
Nutrition plays an important part in a patient's overall condition. A person who is ill
may need help in meeting his basic needs for adequate nutrition. Certain factors in illness
may alter food intake.
a. The disease processes. The patient's ability to ingest food is dependent upon
the condition of his mouth and oral structures, and his ability to swallow. Impairment of
any of these components will interfere with eating.
b. Drug therapy, which may alter the patient's appetite.
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