9-20. SPECIFIC ANTIPSYCHOTIC AGENTS
Chlorpromazine (Thorazine).
a.
(1) Uses. Chlorpromazine is a phenothiazine drug (a particular class of
drugs) used in the treatment of acute and chronic psychoses. It is also used as a pre-
or postoperative agent in the prevention of nausea and vomiting.
(2)
Adverse effects. Chlorpromazine produces three major adverse effects:
(a) Extrapyramidal reactions. These reactions are frequently seen in
both young and elderly patients who are taking large doses of the drug.
(b)
Drowsiness.
(c) Orthostatic hypotension. Orthostatic hypotension is most likely to
occur when the patient has been administered the drug intravenously. This can be
prevented by having the patient remain reclined for at least one hour after the
administration of the drug.
(d)
Dryness of the mouth.
(3) Cautions and warnings. Chlorpromazine should not be prescribed to
patients who have liver disease or glaucoma. Furthermore, patients taking the drug
should be cautioned not to drink alcoholic beverages.
Fluphenazine Hydrochloride (Prolixin, Permitil).
b.
(1)
Use. Fluphenazine hydrochloride is used in the treatment of psychotic
disorders.
(2)
Adverse effects.
(a)
Extrapyramidal reactions.
(b)
Drowsiness or lethargy.
(c)
Hypertension (increased blood pressure).
(3) Cautions and warnings. Abrupt withdrawal of the drug may result in
nausea and vomiting, gastritis, and dizziness.
MD0804
9-16