FRAME 1-13.
Solution to
If the top numeral in the column is smaller than the numeral beneath it,
Frame 1-12
then you must "borrow 10" from the top numeral in the column to the left.
(Remember that each numeral in the left column has a place value that is
3697
3697
ten times greater. Therefore, to "borrow 10," decrease the numeral in the
- 375 OR -0375
left column by "1" and add "10" to the top numeral in the column with
3322
3322
which you are working. In the problem "43 minus 17," four tens become
three tens and three ones becomes 13 ones.) This problem is worked
OR
below. Another (longer) procedure for performing the same operation is
shown to the right.
0007 - 0005 = 0002
0090 - 0070 = 0020
0600 - 0300 = 0300
3 13
43
43 = 40 + 3 = 30 + 13 = 30
13
3000 - 0000 = 3000
-17
-17 - (10 + 7) - (10 + 7)
-10
-7
3697 - 0375 = 3322
26
20 + 6 = 26
Work this problem using the "borrowing" method: 542 minus 264.
NOTE: You will have to borrow more than one time.
____________________________________________________________________________
FRAME 1-14.
Solution to
Check your understanding of the borrowing method by working the same
Frame 1-13
4 13 12
problem using the longer method shown in Frame 1-13.
5 4 2
-2 6 4
2 7 8
____________________________________________________________________________
FRAME 1-15.
Solution to
What happens if you need to borrow from the column on the left, but
Frame 1-14
there is a zero in that column? You must go one column more to the
left, "borrow 10" in order to change the zero into "10," and then borrow
500 + 40 + 2
from the "10." For example, subtract "7" from "403."
-(200 + 60 + 4)
3 9 13
500 + 30 + 12
403
= 400 +00 +3 = 300 + 100 + 3 = 300 + 90 + 13
-(200 + 60 + 4)
-
7
-
7 -
7 - 000 - 00 - 7
396
300 + 90 + 6 = 396
400 + 130 + 12
-200 - 60 - 4
Now you solve this one:
5003
200 + 070 + 08 =278
- 1009
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MD0900
1-6