d. Apical Fragment Root Elevators. These are used to remove apical root
fragments (figures 3-14 and 3-15).
Figure 3-14. Miller root elevators numbers 73 and 74.
Figure 3-15. Apical fragment root elevators.
3-7.
PERIOSTEAL ELEVATORS (ELEVATOR, PERIOSTEAL)
Periosteal elevators are used to separate and raise periosteum from the surface of
the bone and retract the tissue flap (see figure 3-16).
Figure 3-16. Periosteal elevators.
MD0503
3-9